• Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) rapidly expands globally, reshaping miscarriage-related screening, clinical uptake, and ethical considerations. Cross-cutting evidence covers scale-up, single-center experience, patient perspectives, and discordant results prompting practice and policy discussions [5], [6], [9], [13], [8], [16].

• Medical management shifts and guideline-driven care for miscarriage demonstrate a trend toward non-surgical strategies and outpatient regimens. Comparative studies of misoprostol administration, pathways for outpatient care, and live-birth implications inform policy and practice guidance [1], [3], [2], [10].

• Psychological and informational dimensions of miscarriage care emphasize patient experience, communication, and validated impact measures. Research on information provision, support services, and the Meaning of Miscarriage scale highlights gaps and opportunities for patient-centered care [4], [7], [9].

• Diagnostic uncertainty in early pregnancy is addressed through testing reliability and management of first-trimester bleeding and ectopic risk. Studies examine preoperative test reliability, outcomes with threatened miscarriage, and imaging limitations in atypical presentations [11], [12], [15].